The Party Manifestoes:
Plaid Cymru Party of Wales

Politics  Busy morning so let's get to it.  As with all the parties, Plaid Cymru's website is a bit of a mess in terms of navigation.  Nowhere in the visible part of the front page is there a link to the manifesto you have to dig through menus upon menus to find a hyperlinked version and even further to a pdf.  If I was a political party, I'd have a link to the manifesto at the top of the front page in big letters so that a voter can find out what I stand for.  Only the Tories have a direct link even if its at the bottom of the page underneath a scary collage of headlines from newspapers about bloodbaths along with Angela Rippon's face twice.

Anyway, back to Wales.

The BBC

The corporation isn't directly mentioned by name in the manifesto but there are a couple of things which might impact.  


Sporting events would be free-to-air if terrestrial broadcasters could afford the rights.  The BBC would still have live cricket or premiership football if they could justify bidding for them.  Presumably PC isn't proposing to offer direct funding.


Honestly, I'm not completely against devolving participation in Eurovision.  Perhaps S4C could join the EBU as a separate entity.

Global Emissions

Net-zero targets aren't mentioned in the main text but on one of the title pages:


Wales wants to reach net-zero in ten years, which is immensely ambitious.  But just in Wales mind.  A lot of this manifesto feels like it was written for a Welsh Assembly rather than Westminster election.

They're really scared of pylons and panels fucking up the landscape:


They mention this twice:


I agree with them.  But Plaid Cymru, roof-tops are right there.

Nothing particular about fossil fuel subsidies but the section about farming mentions cutting taxes on renewable liquid fuels.


Libraries

Never said in the manifesto.


Film Industry

Never said in the manifesto.


Gender Equality

LGBTQ+ has a whole section in the manifesto, and it's brilliant:


Not even the Green Party manifesto goes that hard, especially in its support for trans people.  Well done.  No notes.


Democracy

On enfranchisement:


It's true, since May 2021, 16 and 17 year olds have been able to vote in the Senedd Elections under a Labour government in Wales.  

On voter ID:


On proportional representation:

So not quite proportional representation in terms of the number of MPs rather more of a chance for people's second or even third choice candidates to win a seat, the system used for Deputy Speakers elections in the House of Commons, Northern Ireland Assembly elections and local elections in Scotland and Northern Ireland (source).

No sundries.

I can't vote for Plaid Cymru.

The Party Manifestoes 2024:
Green Party

Politics  The Green Party manifesto comes in three flavours, the easy read (designed by Inspired Services Publishing for people with learning difficulties), the short version (bullet points and stock photos) and the long version (all text, no filler).  For the purposes of this investigation I shall be consulting the long version although I'll use the cover of the short version with the Obama slogan on the front for illustrative purposes.  

The BBC

The Green Party Manifesto doesn't mention the BBC or broadcasting at all apart from in the broadest sense of "the media".  They say:


Which sounds fine in theory but depends on how that 20% is measured.  By audience?  By profits?  By the amount of content produced?


Global Emissions

It's the Green Party!  So let's just stick to the three topics.  On Net Zero:


Which is the only mention of net zero in the document but in the section about green energy they propose the de-carbonizing of energy systems by 2030.  

On roof top solar panels:


The short version also has this stock photo:


My guess is roof top solar will only really take off when there's a version which doesn't look so ugly on existing properties and can deal with gables.

On subsidies, you'll be unsurprised to see:


It's worth noting throughout manifesto, unlike some previous years, the Greens are very aware that they're not going to be in government so much of the time it suggests "Green MPs will push for ..."  They're just hoping to have more than one MP in this election of all elections.


Libraries

The best offer so far:


It's not very specific but it'll very much do.


Film Industry

A section titled "digital rights" calls for the regulation of social media providers and AI plus:


"Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light."


Gender Equality

Unlike other parties, the Greens manifesto spreads policies regarding diversity throughout the manifesto rather than lumping it all into a single section.  Some examples.  Under mental health:


They're unfortunately missing a comma between Gay and Bisexual, but they're also the first party to explain the acronym and include intersex and ace people.

Education:


When I was at school we were taught that there were two genders and two men kissing on television was still a scandal.  Please can we not return to that era?

On human rights:


A Private Members Bill was introduced in 2019 to abolish the spousal veto and judging by this manifesto pledge it didn't go anywhere.  It's an extremely weird piece of fuckery which was introduced during the coalition government in 2013 that I previously hadn't been aware of and is amazingly stupid.  Here's an explainer from The Pink Paper.  


Democracy

The Greens are advocating not just for the enfranchisement of over 15s but also for young MPs.


They're surprisingly woolly about PR:


No sundries this time.  Of all the parties, I would have thought the Greens might have mentioned the Sugababes, that most recycled of pop bands.

I might still vote for them nonetheless.

The Party Manifestoes 2024:
The Conservative and Unionist Party

Politics  Ugh.  The Tory manifesto contains a lot of empty space so although the page count is eighty pages, only fifty-two contain actual pledges and of those about seven have only half a page of text and a lot of white space and even then a couple are essentially finishing off a paragraph from the page before.  It feels like a university dissertation which was only been finalised in the few hours before handing in with page breaks throughout to keep the sections together.  

When you hear journalists saying there are 80 or 76 pledges over the coming days, that just isn't right.  There are eight pages with the same image of over a quarter of the union flag and sixteen pages featuring the quote-unquote chapter headings which all begin with "our plan" followed by some fatuous phrase like "for a secure, dynamic and growing economy" and "to get more people into work and build a fairer welfare system".

The cover is giving me the itch as well.  Back in 2010, I was so irritated by the placement of the words on the manifesto I wrote a whole blog post about just that.  Here we are again.  Apart from using the colour scheme of the Republic of Montenegro pre-2004 for the lead lines, the structure of the cover feels off.  The traffic arrows should be further up the page with the title underneath and with the year on a new line and an ampersand wouldn't have gone a miss.  

Anyway, let's get to the "substance".


The BBC

BBC is used four times in the manifesto in two paragraphs.  This document is much harder to read than the LibDem manifesto (only using bullet points when it feels like it) so I'll just copy and paste the text as is here for ease:


The use of "support" is pretty ambiguous here.  Does that mean you're going to have the foreign office fund the BBC World Service again?  Off topic, but "expand the use of the English language worldwide" is pretty colonialist.  


The BBC already does that, some would say to a fault.  When they say "diversity of thought" what they really mean is "more people who agree with us".  The next sentence is a threat in that regard.  Notice they don't talk about the BBC in anything other than "messaging" terms - nothing about it as a part of the UK's cultural ecosystem.  

By the way, the very next paragraph says:


We're going to control what the BBC says and does through some malign force but the press can do what the fuck it likes.


Global Emissions

The phrase "net zero" is used ten times during the manifesto (which is ten more than the 2015 manifesto) but here's the headline.


The Earth is going to burn to a crisp in my lifetime.  


No notes here.  Baseline what they should be doing.  The moratorium on fracking is welcome even if it isn't an outright ban.


They're going to reduce carbon emissions by ... building more gas power stations.  'sake.


Libraries

Two library mentions.


How about increasing the funding to councils so that they can keep some of these things running themselves?  


Saying that they want to "protect national heritage - including statues, monuments and memorials" sounds good, but with the culture war as a backdrop is probably missing the phrase "of slave owners and our favourite Nazis".  The public realm is filled with sculpture which is in need of repair and upkeep but there's no direct mention of that.  But I'm off topic, largely because there's nothing specific about how they're going to "support" libraries here.


Film Industry

Ho boy.


Whilst it's nice that Liverpool and Glasgow have become the Vancouver and Toronto of the UK, it's still incredibly difficult for British films to be made and shown unless it's with the help of international backers or a dozen hedge funds.  


Gender Equality


Nothing new, just "look at what we've already done".  The singling out of an AIDS medicine in this section is weird and almost suggests they still think of it as a "gay plague".  Trans rights are about as you'd expect.  They also can't say directly that they hate trans people and think they're weird so we have these three quite lengthy paragraph about how they're otherwise going to demonise them instead without using the word "trans" once:



They say "an increasing number of children have started questioning their gender".  Nope - this has always been the case it's just that now medical innovation has made transitioning a safer possibility and society has changed so that they can talk about how they feel without being ostracized as much (which is something you're working to change).  The following paragraph conflates conversion therapy with transitioning and I just want to get away from this.


Democracy


The exact opposite of the LibDems and doing as much as possible to disenfranchise voters.  Under 16s are old enough to work full time, have an NI number and join the army as well as apply for a passport but they're not allowed to vote for their own rights to do these things or not.

Sundries


By "quarters" they must mean neighbourhoods like the "Georgian quarter" or "the knowledge quarter".  No idea why these three cities in particular.  Perhaps the development in our Chinatown might finally be completed.

Despite this, I will not be voting for the Conservative and Unionist Party.

The Party Manifestoes 2024:
Liberal Democrats

Politics
  Back in 2015, before we entered this strange dystopian future where AI is rampant and disease and war ravage the earth, I decided to have a look at the various party manifestos during the general election to see how they reflected on various key areas: the BBC, global emissions, libraries, film industry and gender equality.  In an attempt to engage with an election which is still a foregone conclusion in our incredibly safe seat, and out of curiosity, I thought I'd have another go.  

Unlike last time though, I'm going to be focus a bit more on specific elements of each and ask: Is the licence fee mentioned and how will the BBC be funded going forward?  What is their net zero target, will they promote rooftop solar panels and if they'll be subsidising fossil fuels.  Is the plan to open more libraries?  How much does the manifesto focus on supporting film distribution and cinemas?  What protections are offered for the LGBTQA+ community, particularly trans rights?

I'm also adding a sixth topic, "democracy" focusing on reducing the voting age, removing voter IDs and the introduction of proportional representation.  Also bonus points if any of them mention Doctor Who, Liverpool, Shakespeare or the Sugababes.

We begin with the LibDems, the party I hate to love.  For the most part there's nothing especially inspiring or innovative in here.  On these topics it's very "we'd better put something about that in" and bare minimum.  The manifesto mainly focuses on social care, health and education.


The BBC

The Culture, Media and Sport section of the manifesto is three and a half pages although one of these is a photo of someone holding a steady cam (most of the illustrative images in the document feature hands and hugs).  Here are the three occasions the BBC is mentioned:
"Protect the BBC, S4C, BBC Alba and Channel 4 as independent, publicly owned, public service broadcasters."

"Support the BBC both to provide impartial news and information, and to take a leading role in increasing media literacy and educating all generations in tackling the impact of fake news."

"Properly fund the impartial BBC World Service from the Foreign Office budget and restore its global reach."

There's not direct mention of the licence fee although that would increase a bit with the funding for the world service returning to the Foreign Office budget.


Global Emissions

"Liberal Democrats are committed to cutting greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2045 at the latest."

"Drive a rooftop solar revolution by expanding incentives for households to install solar panels, including a guaranteed fair price for electricity sold back into the grid."

"Implementing the UK’s G7 pledge to end fossil fuel subsidies, while ensuring a just transition that values the skills and experience of people working in the oil and gas industry and provides good opportunities for them, and takes special care of the regions and communities most affected."
If this is the LibDem approach, I'm not looking forward to the other parties.  It is worth noting that in the 2015, the net zero target was 2050.  The "climate change" section of the manifesto is five and a half pages including a nice picture of some windmills but it still feels like too little too late.  We needed to stop using fossil fuels decades ago but we're still talking here about transitioning out.


Libraries

Are not mentioned at all in the LibDem manifesto.  For shame.


Film Industry

Neither is the film industry.


Gender Equality

As expected the LibDem section on "rights and equalities" is woke as fuck.  

In terms of LGBTQA+ protections it says they will "respect and defend the rights of people of all sexual orientations and gender identities, including trans and non-binary people" and "reform the gender recognition process to remove the requirement for medical reports, recognise non-binary identities in law, and remove the spousal veto."  

Elsewhere in the international section:
"Offering asylum to people fleeing the risk of violence because of their sexual orientation or gender identification, ending the culture of disbelief for LGBT+ asylum seekers, and never refusing an LGBT+ applicant on the basis that they could be discreet."
"Developing a comprehensive strategy for promoting the decriminalisation of homosexuality and advancing LGBT+ rights."
Which is all good although in an ideal world you wouldn't have to even mention any of this.  


Democracy
"Ensure no politician can take you for granted, by introducing proportional representation by the Single Transferable Vote for electing MPs, and local councillors in England."

"Strengthen democratic rights and participation by scrapping the Conservatives’ voter ID scheme and giving 16- and 17-year-olds the right to vote."
Perfect.  I might vote for them, even if they do hate libraries, films, Doctor Who, Shakespeare, Liverpool and the Sugababes.

Rogue.

TV  Well, that was good wasn't it?  Another banger in what's turning out to be the best run of episodes in quite some time.  It's almost as though someone's taken a longer season of Doctor Who and picked out the best episodes.  It's the back eight of the old Series 7 done properly without the episodes thrown together in a rush.   

Of course there one aspect that Doctor Who fans will be debating for years and that's the appearance of one Richard E Grant in the homage to Dimensions in Time when the Doctor's trying to convince his new friend that he isn't the villain of the week.  For some of us TV Movie veterans it's quite funny that the kiss is probably the least controversial aspect of the episode.

I have to confess I missed it first time around because I was making sure my boy was present and correct but the socials, Screen Rant and a dozen other news sites were posting about it at great length within seconds so I picked up on it pretty quickly.  It's absolutely flipping outrageous but I'm amazed they also  didn't slap Rowan Atkinson's face in there for good measure.

The general assumption seems to be that he's representing what's generally called the Shalka Doctor, the false dawn for a new era begun on the BBC website in 2003 at just the moment when Russell's revival was announced.  That Screen Rant piece pretty much covers all the angles but I'd also point to the TARDIS Wikia entry if this all news to you.

The only problem is Scream of the Shalka isn't easily available.  There was a DVD release back in 2013 but despite much of the rest of the Whoniverse now appearing on the iPlayer, Shalka's not up there.  It's original spot on the Doctor Who website still exists but requires Flash and Flash is gone as is the page which explains what any of that means anyway.

Perhaps this cameo suggests they're going to upload it to the iPlayer, maybe from the DVD master although the Internet Archive is hosting a gorgeous 4K blow up from the original Flash files and something like that should be the aim.  The novelisation is still out there and its audiobook version which I was about to describe as recent but was originally released in 2016.

That wasn't alt.Ninth's only appearance.  A few of the pieces feature a nicely painted portrait of the character they've presumably found through googling but was from his second and final adventure, The Feast of Stone, a short story by Cavan Scott and Mark Wright posted to the BBC's Cult website when it did interesting things like have a minisite about vampires.

But the most curious element of all this is the image of REG which has been used.  He looks older - he looks much as he does now.  Did he visit Cardiff and have his picture taken especially for this Easter egg?  The co-writer of the episode, Kate Herron was showrunner on the first season of Loki which featured him as an alternative version of that title character so it's not too unlikely.  Huh.

Pot and Kettle.


TV  What a fucking episode.  I can't believe something with an ending that nihilistic went out in prime time on BBC One.  It's Midnight on steroids.  It's Blink with a malevolent protagonist.  It's pissed off precisely the people in needs to, and wiped the smugness off the rest of our faces.

Three remarkable things.  One, in crafting that protagonist and through Callie Cooke's performance, Lindy is presented as someone who's not completely likeable but has the potential to go through some kind of redemption arc.  We're rooting for her to be better and then we're reminded people aren't really like that.

Two.  Ncuti's performance at the climax is completely stellar and rightly receiving plaudits, but watch Millie in those moments, tearfully waiting for the correct time to approach him, stepping forward and away,  then having signalled it's time to go with a touch walks back to the TARDIS.

Three.  Ricky September:  RTD writes him like the Doctor and Tom Rhys Harries plays him as such so he's immediately heroic which makes his end all the more gut-wrenching. Then you realise he's still *there* living in this place with these people and ultimately as bad as the rest of them.

[If this looks a bit short, it's because I've just posted it to the newer socials and wanted to add it here for posterity (and to correct some of the English).  It's not a review though.  It's too short for one thing and doesn't mention the episode title or indeed which series I'm referring to.]

39 The Shakespeare Centre: Royal Shakespeare Company

Books   Cleopatra and Me: In Search of a Lost Queen is a half hour presenter-led documentary from BBC Four in 2019 in which Shakespeare scholar Dr Islam Issa investigates how the resolute leader he grew up with as part of his Egyptian cultural heritage has become weakened and sexualised over the years, a process which he thinks may have started with Shakespeare.  He speaks to other scholars and actors and comes to the conclusion that it's possible to embrace all of the different versions of Cleopatra because it only goes to show how multifaceted the historic figure was.

An exploration of historic sources necessitates a visit to The Shakespeare Centre in Stratford Upon Avon, during which he meets Rev Dr Paul Edmonson, Head of Learning and Research at The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, who demonstrates how passages from Plutarch's Life of Julius Caesar were all but transcribed into verse by Shakespeare, Enibarbus's the description of Cleopatra's barge floating along the Nile ("The barge she sat in, like a burnish'd throne" that sort of thing).  

During this demonstration we see what looks like an early edition of Plutarch and a First Folio.  The Shakespeare Centre has three copies of the Folio which narrows things down considerably in terms of identification but there are only two shots of it:


Fortunately this was more than enough.  The binding matches the images of the Royal Shakespeare Company edition which was scanned for the First Folio's project which can be seen here and neither of the books photographed for the Shakespeare Trust website.

This is the volume I thought was on display in the exhibition at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre which I wrote about here.  This is the one which in 1964, three members of the RSC took to Rome to be blessed by the Pope after they gave a recital of Shakespeare's plays at the Palazzo Pio in front of the pontiff and a couple of thousand guests.  Unfortunately something was lost in translation, the Pope wasn't adequately briefed and he assumed it was a gift and accepted it as such.  After some diplomatic shenanigans, the folio was eventually returned.

How did it end up in the possession of the RSC?  Rasmussen and West's catalogue The Shakespeare First Folios has an incomplete provenance.  The first known owner is Samuel Molyneux Madden, author of one of the earliest science fiction novels, Memoirs of the Twentieth Century.  After disappearing from view for a hundred years, it was acquired by Shakespeare scholar James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps in 1865 before being sold on in a sale, following his death, to the brewer Charles Edward Flower, co-founder of the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.  He donated the volume to the theatre's library.


As you can see from this image of the inside pages, even in 1889, the First Folio wasn't thought to be a sacred enough document that Flower thought it was fine to put his name in the front.  On the opposite page there's a typed note from John Goodwin, Publicity Manager of the RSC outlining the aforementioned Vatican incident along with a remark from Halliwell-Phillipps about variations in printing around Henry VI Part One.  

Other sightings:

This same edition also appears in Cunk on Shakespeare, as you can see from the binding.


It's part of a very funny sequence which parodies how presenters in history documentaries always wear clothes around objects, especially books even though as Paul Taylor, Head of Collections, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, points out, if you wear them you're more likely to damage the book because you lose the sensitivity to the paper that touch provides.



"Hoo-ray, it's Saturday, School's out so watch out."


TV  As ever this isn't a review but gosh darn let's talk about tonight's Doctor Who which was one for the ages and may end up in the small list of episodes which define an era even though the title character is hardly in it.  But unlike other "double banking" episodes in which the leads were off making more Doctor Who elsewhere, judging by when 73 Yards was filmed, first in the production order, it seems to have been because Tcuti was still working on Sex Education and this is what was referred to in earlier interviews when Millie talking about starting work before her co-star joined her.  If this was her first episode, the actress was phenomenal and like previous actresses in the main role will have a huge future once she's finished with us.

The pre-publicity suggested this was going to be an old fashioned piece of Welsh folk horror and certainly began like that but in a very meta manner was also The Second Coming's way of showing us the budget they now have available.  Whereas even during the Chibnall era, the whole thing would have been filmed in the White Cross Inn, what with hiring only Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên (Sian) Phillips DBE as the supposed Miss Hawthorne figure, it quickly expanded to become a Turn Left style alt-history in which we saw a possible future for our newest heroine battling some Saxonite megalomaniac whilst offering one of the most detailed explorations of a companion's potential dating history outside of the Virgin New Adventures.

But why am I here tonight?  Because some fans have been reacting very strangely even negatively to this episode and the show in general and it seems to stem from how many things are a being kept a mystery.  With RTD2 having decided that the Whoniverse contains magic and that there's some flexibility when it comes to Clarke's 3rd Law, some viewers seem to be taking the transition very badly.  The writer understands that like fairy stories you don't have to explain everything and it leaning into that.  Cinderella doesn't go into great length to describe the origins of the fairy god mother so we don't really need to know why there are suddenly goblins and a realm where the likes of Maestro are chilling waiting to manifest.

But we can't help ourselves.  Why 73 yards?  Assuming Ruby's still twenty at the start of the shenanigans, perhaps the 73 yards represent the 73 years older this future echo of Ruby is when she dies.  Although she appears older after the first 40 year time jump, we're not told her age when she dies and there could still have been a significant gap between seeing the TARDIS for the last time and what looks like the palliative care ward.  Why do the people who talk to the older version of her react the way they do?  Perhaps they're hexed in such a way as they can't then return to Ruby and tell her the truth, the twist at the end, if you will.  They're not entirely sure why they find her so repugnant, but like me and Mark Rylance, they simply just do.

There's also the interesting stuff is in the meeting between Ruby and Kate (which has now presumably been wiped away so it looks like they'll be meeting for the first time again by season's end).  The head of UNIT makes the distinction between the extra-terrestrial and supernatural.  But then she says "I think this timeline might be suspended along your event" which suggests that she's fully aware that the current reality isn't the "correct" one.  Notice Ruby's puzzlement.  But is the event she's discussing the one from that episode or her whole existence from the moment of her birth?  Will that future episode have Kate describing the events of this episode as part of some elaborate multi-dimensional shenanigans?  What is it with all the snow?

A couple of the professional reviews have also noticed that it's the second week in a row that the inciting incident is the Doctor standing on something which makes him look immensely clumsy but given that this sort of thing has happened throughout the history of the programme as a trigger for a storyline from Skaro to Androzani Major to Lakertya.  But with Ruby's butterfly crushing too, the chances of the production team not noticing this are slim and for all we know it's all part of a grander plan.  At this point you could say that about anything which is happening in most of these episodes.  Why is Rosie Banks from Brookside in every episode?  Is she the Rani?  Susan?  Even if she's either or neither, what about Molly Hennings from Christmas at the Holly Day Inn?  We've only a few more weeks before it starts to unravel.

As you can see, and as Kate says in her meeting with Ruby, "That's what we do, all of us, we see something inexplicable and invent the rules to make it work."  Or as Eighth says in the TV Movie with the Pertwee logo, "I love humans. Always seeing patterns in things that aren't there."  We're desperate to fill in these gaps, in many ways the show has often taught us that everything will be explained later.  But that's, so far, antithetical to what the show is now.  It's taking River's reaction to the Doctor when he scoffed at the existence of the Pandorica, that it's just a fairy tale, "Aren't we all" and running with it.  The magic storybook elements of early Moffat without the need to produce some technological, xeno-anthropolical handwaving to justify things how a Weeping Angel moves or a space whale exists.

I suppose what I'm trying to suggest is that there has be a happy medium between thing excellent and thing rubbish because nothing is explained or I don't understand it.  Perhaps viewers who like the obtuse cinema of the likes of Renais, Godard and Garland will more readily accept ambiguous endings like we saw tonight.  But Doctor Who's a Broadchurch, sorry, broad church of stories, Forrest Gump's proverbial chocolate box and that's why we love it and next week looks like a fun romp through the babblesphere.  Anyway, I'm hooked.  This is as connected as I've been to the television iteration of the series since probably the Matt Smith era and I'm very pleased I've decided to not review it and just sit back and watch.

Shakespeare First Folios: A Checklist


Books  Let's formalise things.  Since it looks like my latest mad project is going to be looking at all the extant First Folios either in person or on a screen, find after the fold a complete list of all the First Folios in existence as per Eric Rasmussen and Anthony James West's The Shakespeare First Folios: A Descriptive Catalogue.  Their version offers a bit more geographical detail but this list has been simplified for ease of use.  After each location you'll see that they're marked depending on whether the linked blog post talks about a Folio I've seen in the real world [IRL], on screen [TV].  I've also linked to a complete digital version [complete] where available and partial [partial] when it's just a page or two or the binding.  It's unlikely I'll be able to tick all of them off (especially if they're in a vault somewhere), but it's a finite goal.

32 Bodleian Library

 

Books  Twelve Books That Changed The World (2006) is a book and four part ITV documentary series in which Melvyn Bragg highlights a series of British volumes which he thinks, have had the most profound effect on humanity.  There are the obvious choices: On The Origin of Species, The King James Bible, Principia Mathematica and the Magna Carta.  The more specific choices: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Married Love, On the Abolition of the Slave Trade, Experimental Researches in Electricity and The Wealth of Nations.  The probably aimed at the channel's core audience: Book of Rules of Association Football.  

Over the years I've been hoarding documentaries about Shakespeare and found this on a DVD-R which I must have recorded off-air at the time.  This would have been in the period when I was recording from a separate Freeview box direct to disc so everything is in the wrong aspect ratio  (which is also why all the screenshots on here look a bit weird).  It opens with a trailer for GMTV followed by an advert for digital switchover to offer some historic context and includes weather forecast which probably also captures perfectly what life was like in the UK in 2006:

The grand finale is the First Folio.  There's not much you can do with ten minutes of screen time, so Melvyn offers a brief outline of how the book was published, a mix of scenes from the plays (mainly sourced from the BBC Shakespeare although there's a bit of Branagh and Kurosawa sprinkled in) and contributions from Yale University's Professor Harold Bloom and the then Director of the Folger Shakespeare Library Dr. Gail Paster who aid Melvyn in collectively offering a general sense of the historical importance of the Folio in the development of the English language.  There's also a nice moment when some international acting students translate the text into their own language.


There are actually three different Folios in the programme (four if you count a facsimile used when Melvyn's quoting from the preface).  Dr Paster has one of the Folger copies on the desk beside her, but its in profile and there's not enough visual information to work out which one.  There's a single shot of the contents page of a folio which isn't the one seen elsewhere (we'll get to that).  Despite having an unfolded crease down the middle I've not been able to identify from Rasmussen and West's catalogue The Shakespeare First Folios which copy this is from.  The third is the one which is the reason why we're here.


A slow vertical pan reveal Melvyn sat behind a table covered in a black cloth with the First Folio before him.  Although it might have been obvious to some of you which of the Oxbridges this is, I was sent off on a tangent by the book which uses images from the Cambridge owned editions.  Did I phone the rare books section at Cambridge University to see if the numbers connected to the picture credit meant anything?  I may have.  Did they?  No, no they didn't.  Not that it mattered.  I soon realised the shields on the chairs were from Oxford which led to the Bodleian which has large sections of its rare books collection digitised and available to view online.

The Bodleian Library has two Folios of which this is probably the more photogenic.  The other, Bodleian Library Arch. G c.7 is the original deposit copy sent by the Folio's printmaker William Jaggard to the library.  There's much to be said about how it was sold off as worthless to a local bookseller when the Third Folio was published in 1664 and only returned to Oxford in the early 1900s after they outbid the Folger library.  That copy doesn't appear on screen because as you can see from the digital scan it was not taken care of to say the least with whole chunks of the pages torn out.  The section listing its condition in Rasmussen and West's catalogue stretches to three and a half pages.

The digital scan of the copy which does appear, Bodleian Library Arch. G c.8 also has had a difficult life but at least the relevant pages are intact and for the most part looks very impressive on the table in front of Melvyn.  I was ultimately able to confirm which copy it was because a shot of title page include a partial glimpse of the opposite side where the "To the Reader" unusually appears has been pasted in from another source, a Fourth Folio edition if the pencil note underneath is to be believed.  The title pages from Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet which are shown also match this copy, the latter notably because of a burn mark at the top of the page.


The history of this folio is pretty straightforward.  The provenance begins with eighteenth-century literary scholar Edmond Malone (there's a Reynolds portrait of him on his Wikipedia page), a man after my own heart who devoted part of his life to trying to deducing the order in which Shakespeare wrote his plays.  This was published in the complete works edited by Samuel Johnson and George Steenvens in 1778, an order which is still largely followed.  Malone later fell out with Steevens, notably when he published his own complete works which he said would be "more scientifically and methodically edited than the Johnson–Steevens edition was ever likely to become."

As part of his research Malone collected many books including the Folio, although it's not known where he procured it in 1780.  He treated it as a working copy and/or scrap book and there are notes about the nature of the play strewn throughout, various engravings of luminaries like the Earl of Pembroke pasted in and a facsimile of Shakespeare's signature.  How much of this was Malone or the previous owner isn't clear although its pretty startling to see a Folio treated in this way.  On one page Malone has even included in what's supposed to be an engraving of Shakespeare taken from the Steevens' complete works with a note underneath explaining that it's not actually the playwright, but James I.

On his death, he left a lengthy instruction to his brother Richard, Lord Sunderlin, that the lot be given to Trinity College Dublin.  But Richard was an Oxford man, so decided to ignore all that.  He initially loaned the collection to James Boswell The Younger, son of Samuel Johnson's biographer who was working on the second edition of the Johnson/Steeven complete works.  After Boswell died, Richard finally deposited the Elizabethan books including the First Folio to the Bodleian in 1821 and auctioned off the rest.  It's been there ever since, appearing in two Shakespeare exhibitions in 1916 and 1964.


But what about the contents page?  Although the Bodleian edition is in pretty good order, the box at the bottom of the page contains a note from Malone in which he noticed how Troilus and Cressida seems have have been a late addition, which is a bit too much detail for a fifteen minute segment about the book late night on an ITV Sunday.  Two Oxford Colleges, Queens and Wadham both have their own copies but the entries in The Shakespeare First Folio don't mention the crease you can see above and best will in the world I'm not going through the rest of the book trying to match it.  Perhaps it was filmed as a pick-up when the crew visited the Folger library?

Further appearances:


This copy also appeared in the 2002 series Great Britons in which the BBC tasked the public to vote on who they believed to be the best people in British history.  After an initial vote, the top ten nominees each received a presenter led documentary in which an advocate, in Shakespeare's case Fiona Shaw, offered an argument as to why their candidate was the best.  32 Bodleian Library appears in two shots, the title page with the tell tale pasted in "To The Reader".


The other shot is of the cover, during a crossfade from the bust in Holy Trinity Church.  In the end, Shakespeare was fifth behind Churchill, Brunel, Princess Diana and Darwin but ahead of Newton, Elizabeth, Lennon, Nelson and Cromwell.